Tobacco harm reduction: thinking the unthinkable

Thinking the unthinkable.

The mind of plants: Thinking the unthinkable

ARTICLE HISTORY Received 24 January 2017 Accepted 25 January 2017 ABSTRACT Across all species, individuals thrive in complex ecological systems, which they rarely have complete knowledge of. To cope with this uncertainty and still make good choices while avoiding costly errors, organisms have developed the ability to exploit key features associated with their environment. That through experienc...

Harm and harm reduction in smokeless tobacco users

Background: This thesis describes the effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) and its derivatives on the oral mucosa; the development of, and results of applying, a cessation program for snuff users with long and extensive exposure; and, the persistent clinical and histomorphological changes after cessation. Methods: Three of the studies were open prospective non-randomized clinical intervention tria...

Programming language theory: Thinking the unthinkable

1. Incommensurability Science is often distinguished from other human activities by its progressive nature. It has standards for identifying improvements and methods for accumulating them into an ever improving body of sound knowledge. Such traditional view has been challenged by many philosophers. The most significant blow to the idea of progressive science is incommensurability – the idea tha...

Some Basic Economics of Tobacco Harm Reduction

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) – the substitution of low-risk tobacco/nicotine products for smoking and efforts to encourage such substitution – cannot be understood without understanding the motives and beliefs of consumers and how these affect action. Yet the discussion of THR has largely taken place without consideration of basic welfare economics. This has led to uncertainty about points that...